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Cosmic Background Radiation and Accelerated Expansion of the Universe

This class discussed the expansion of the Universe (accelerated) and some of the basics based on the results of Hubble (1929), and Nobel Prizes: Plack (1918), Einstein (1921), Penzias and Wilson (1978), Smoot and Mather (2006). Credits page Nobel Prize and NASA.

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string theory, theory of Unification of Microcosm to Macrocosm

discussed in class the general foundations of string theory, based on the videos "The Elegant Universe," which highlights some of the following:

1 - A Theory of the unification of the four forces of nature, finding a single theory that describes all the laws of the universe known to date.

2 - Introduction to string theory as a candidate for a unifying theory, which suggests that all matter and forces are made of tiny strands of energy that vibrate in different modes.

3 - Integration of Heaven and Earth, based on the ideas of Isaac Newton (1665), who joined the laws of Heaven and Earth under the theory of gravity.

4 - details Einstein's discovery that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, and reveals how this finding is at odds with Newton's laws say that gravity act instantly to any distance.

5 - Einstein with his theory solves General Relativity that gravity also travels at the speed of light.

6 - Unification of Electricity and Magnetism (mid 1800) in a single theory called electromagnetism (Maxwell equations), which is hundreds of billions of times stronger than gravity.

7 - Search of Einstein's unification of electromagnetism and gravity.

8 - Birth of subatomic physics (early 1900) and a look at the development of the theory of quantum mechanics Microcosmos, where uncertainty dominates the quantum world.

9 - Unification of the two additional forces strong and weak calls (discovered 1930), with the electromagnetic force under the umbrella of quantum mechanics.

10 - Challenge unify gravity (general relativity) with the forces of Microcosmos, Strong force, weak force and electromagnetic force (Quantum Mechanics), in order to describe phenomena such as black holes, which are extremely massive and very small.

11 - M-theory, formulated by Edward Witten to unify 5 string theories into one.

12 - It concludes with the idea that while string theory could unify general relativity theory and quantum mechanics, there is by now experimentally to confirm their predictions.

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Warp Space-Time Concepts of Gravitational Lensing

This idea can be tested experimentally using large telescopes either ground or space, pointing to many parts of the universe. Currently, correspond to an area of \u200b\u200bresearch in astronomy called gravitational lensing.

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General Relativity Special Relativity

In this class we discuss the changing meaning of Newton's Gravity Fuerzza by the warping of space-time, the central idea says that mass distorts space-time deformation and this tells the light and the bodies where to go. This revolutionary idea was demonstrated experimentally during the Total Solar Eclipse of 1919, which confirmed the bending of light from stars passing nearby the Sun predicted according to the General Theory of Relativity. This experiment is impossible to understand the ideas of Newton. But we find a great surprise to see the field equations, which included Einstein called the cosmological constant term in order to leave the stationary universe. This detail shows that Einstein despite leading a great revolution of ideas, deep thought was classic.

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Insights Conflicts with the vision

important results are discussed in class: The constancy of the speed of light in vacuum, and that there are so far in the universe speeds above it, the concepts of space and time appear to be linked why we speak of space-time, if an object approaches the speed of light occurs that time runs slower and the lengths in the direction of movement is shorter compared to low speeds, the masses of the bodies increases with speed The colors in the universe depend on the speed of the body, there is no absolute simultaneity of events, etc ...

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Classic Task

Newton's theory was able to connect Heaven and Earth, saying that the Moon's orbit around the Earth or the planets around the sun and the fall of bodies on Earth were the same and did describe them by the same law called the Law of Universal Gravitation. But implicit in all these theories was the idea of \u200b\u200ba steady and infinite universe in space and time, had no restrictions on the velocities of the body, these may be infinite if we had enough energy, two events simultaneous in one place would be simultaneous to any observer of the universe, the action of the forces would be instantly at any distance in the universe, etc.. The rigidity of space, lack of clarity of concepts such as time and strength unsettled the young Albert Einstein who showed that our universe is big surprises, that our ancestors never imagined. Even Einstein himself was overwhelmed by their own revolutionary ideas. Einstein published the Special Theory of Relativity (1905), and the General Theory of Relativity (1915). Several experiments were leaving at risk the vision of Newton, there will thus be the way to our current worldview. In class discuss the measurements of Le Verrier, who determined the shift of the perihelion of Mercury which is impossible to explain with the theory of Newton.

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Physiology and Chemistry Nobel Prizes 2009 2009

Task: Find Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physiology 2009 to answer using only the information contained in the blog "OBSERVATORY UMCE", this must be written in one letter-size paper for each Nobel Prize.

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MODULE DESCRIPTION
ambitious description of the universe as a whole involves the integration of various knowledge areas. Experimental observations have shown the expansion of the universe (Hubble 1926) confirming the important theoretical results of the general theory of relativity of Einstein 1915. Current technological development has allowed revealing a very different universe conceived by Newton and other ancestors, which will be discussed in this module. . In the development of each of the different topics, there will be special emphasis on educational implementation through analysis of learning situations and teaching resources for subjects scientific national education system. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES


1 Includes Physics as a human activity to continuously create knowledge.
2 comprises the construction process and scope of validity of the concepts, laws and theories of mechanics and relativity. Rate
3 human effort made and be aware of the epistemological and social conflicts that emerged during the historical development of the current view of the universe. CONTENTS


1 Special Relativity and General Concepts and the Big Bang model.
2 Nobel Laureates and their contribution to a new view of the universe.
3 Technology and its contribution to the new vision of the universe.